Cell Phone

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After many years of faithful service, I recently realised that it was time to trade in my trusty old mobile phone. Despite the jeers from my friends, I had held on to my chunky old phone well after my phone company had offered me a free upgrade. It had always performed reliably and more importantly, I knew exactly where I stood when it came to use it.
Memory stick, MP3, digital camera, mobile phone, telephone, USB Bluetooth Dongle, Sony Ericsson K750i, Microsoft Outlook, video capture, FM Radio
After many years of faithful service, I recently realised that it was time to trade in my trusty old mobile phone. Despite the jeers from my friends, I had held on to my chunky old phone well after my phone company had offered me a free upgrade. It had always performed reliably and more importantly, I knew exactly where I stood when it came to use it.

As you may have guessed, I like my gadgets and was fairly excited about the prospect of getting a new phone, especially with the incredible host of features now available on the latest phones. After much research, I settled on the Sony Ericsson K750i with its colour screen, digital camera (with panoramic feature), video capture, bluetooth connectivity, access to the internet, MP3 Player and FM Radio. It also allows use of a separate memory card up to 1Gb so I can store loads of photos, songs and video. It made phone calls too!

After receiving the phone I started to look into the daunting prospect of learning how to use the thing. The first task I had to tackle was getting all my phone numbers onto the phone. After consulting the manual, I found that it was possible to copy my address book directly from Microsoft Outlook on my computer over to the phone, saving me from having to manually key in all of my phone numbers. This would save me a lot of time, as long as I could get it to work!

All I needed to do was install the phone’s software onto my computer from the supplied CD-ROM and connect the phone to my computer using the supplied data cable. I also had the option of connecting my phone to my computer wirelessly using the Bluetooth facility to connect to my computer, this sounded very interesting, but meant I would have to get a USB Bluetooth Dongle for my computer, so I decided to leave that for later.

As these things have a habit of not working first time round, I thought I would follow the instructions to the word, rather than just delving in as I normally do! To my surprise, after following the steps in the Quick Set-up Guide, it actually worked! it was really that easy, my phone was connected to my computer and it worked. I made a few setting changes (as mentioned in the instructions) on the mobile phone software and within moments I had transferred all of my telephone numbers and addresses into my phone! The great thing here is that now I can update any new person and telephone number to my phone and my computer at the same time, all I need to do is connect the phone to the computer and one button automatically updates my computer with information on my phone or vice versa.

I then got even more adventurous and thought I would try and get some music onto the phone. I have never used MP3′s before, but heard loads about it and following the instructions, within 5 minutes I had music on my phone! It even sound good. Using the camera is great too, easy and useful at times, not having to carry a separate digital camera for snaps.

I thing that amazed me was how straightforward everything was, I had avoided changing the phone mainly because I did not fancy the hassle, but it was actually easier to set up then my old phone which was so basic in comparison. Within an hour I had charged the battery, added my lengthy contacts list and appointments onto the phone’s calendar as well as recorded a few songs. Brilliant!

Now all I need to do is expand the memory capacity of the phone as the few songs I have put onto the phone have already used most of the memory that comes free with the phone. Apparently, I just need to buy a Memory Stick and slot it into the phone then enjoy, will try it soon.

521
Fax online lets you receive and send faxes with the help of email, the handheld device or the web. Economically, efficiently and easily manage, send and receive faxes right from your desktop or laptop computer. It eliminates many fax-related costly expenditures – like fax machines, extra phone lines, supplies and repairs.
fax online
You can feel the benefits of internet fax for yourself. By transforming your email into your personal fax machine, you will minimise communication expenses and protect your information.

Through online fax service you can enjoy the following benefits:
Mobility: Receive and send faxes at any place where you work on your existing email account: from your office, home, client’s office, or airport or hotel.
Economical: no need for fax charges for far away places , fax machine, , and moreover, no alternate phone connection required!
Technical: Having a fax number on the internet that is toll free (US and Canada), you can provide much useful service to your customers – they fax you free of cost, and it adds nothing to your pocket. Helps to give your business a professional competence.
Privacy: Faxes are received in and sent from your personal inbox of your mail account – they don’t have to sit passively on the fax machine paper trash for others to see.
Convenience: Fax is “always switched on” and removes the loss of not received faxes when the line is busy or when you are far from the fax machine
Digital: Faxes are available to all at all times since they’re on your system and safe.

Online faxing is perfect for

Real Estate Agents
Mobile Workers
Small Businesses
Home Offices
Job Hunters
Consultants
Community Groups
Mortgage Brokers
Fax online server is basically a group of softwares that run on a host computer that is attached with one or more modems that are fax capable.These modems are attached to telephone lines . Its main purpose is to receive data from users, convert them into faxes, and transfer them, and also to receive calls through fax and either transfer them on to users or store the relevant incoming documents . Users may talk with the server in many ways, through Internet or a network . In a large companies with voluminous fax traffic, the computer that hosts the fax server may be busy with that purpose, in which case the system itself is also called as a fax server.
Many ways are available to the user for faxes that are outgoing:
?The user can send an e-mail message to a particular e-mail address; all the messages are converted by a fax server examining that address into fax format and transfers them.
?The user command his computer to print a document by using a “fictitious printer” that sends the data to the fax server, which then transmits it, instead of producing a paper printout,
Various user interfaces are available for incoming faxes:
The user may be sent for each fax received an e-mail message , with the pages clubbed as attachments, normally in either PDF or TIFF format.
Faxes that are incoming can also be saved in a file directory that the user can check.
Email Fax Services
Features
Email Based – Receive your faxes by email over the Internet. All fax communications are easily backed up and stored for future use.
Cost Effective – At just $12,95/mth for up to 1,000 pages sent and received, a fax by email solution will save your business money.
Convenient – No additional hardware or software required

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This article illustrates what are proxy sites and their usage. The advantages for using these sites are also discussed in the article.
Proxy server, proxy list, proxy site
The proxy server connects the computer you use and the Internet. The Internet is used for accessing information, as we all know, and the proxy server helps with checking the information. With a proxy server, the information you try to access, will first get transmitted to that and only then reach your computer.

With proxies, one will talk about the security one needs while using the Internet as well as increasing the speed if you are downloading files. There are anonymous proxy servers, which could help you hide the IP address. With this, anyone trying to gain access to your computer through the Internet may not be able to do so.

Anonymous proxies can be used for any web pages, including free email sites. Proxies will help you transfer files at a faster speed, and also connect you to the Internet at a faster pace. Any kind of information you need will be instantly given to you. The most important advantage of proxies, is your privacy. It protects you from malicious Internet users.

Proxy sites will also allow you to surf the web without anyone’s knowledge. This is especially useful for secret agencies and government organizations. It will help you redirect the request for information that you have asked for, thereby making you anonymous. There are even three types of proxy servers, and they are transparent, anonymous and high anonymity.

The first one is applicable only for high transfer, the second may quote that you are using a proxy, but the third allows you to be completely anonymous. Using proxies is claimed to be legal, as there are people even offering these services to the public. These servers are very similar to web servers. There is no such rule that the Internet has to be used only in a certain way, as it is for public use.

Thus anyone can use proxies, if they think they feel vulnerable with the use of the Internet. This is a great way to maintain privacy with the other users. But we also need to be careful of certain proxies. They may be associated with hackers.

It is not at all difficult to get a proxy list. It is easily available on search engines, and anyone needing that can obviously gain access to them as soon as they need. While one may not be immediately familiar with the use of the proxies, a little time and research will help the user become familiar very easily.

620
A list of tips and tricks to consult at two a.m. when you’re trying to put your site to bed and that d*mn script just won’t work.
script error, script problem, CGI, scripts, Perl scripts
Here’s a list of tips and tricks to consult at two a.m. when you’re trying to put your site to bed and that d*mn script just won’t work.

1. Make a note of the error message, and type it in Google. Remove your unique paths and file names. Someone else has had the same problem, and some nice person will have posted a solution.

2. If it’s a server error, repeat what caused the error. Go quickly to the error log on your web hosting control panel. Any clues there?

3. Read the README file. Have it open on-screen when you’re setting up the script.

4. Use a text editor like Wordpad or Notepad to edit scripts. Simply put, your editor should not change anything beyond the bare text that you type on screen. Microsoft Word will alter your formatting, with unhappy consequences.

5. Avoid wrapping lines. Check that your editor is not set to do this.

6. Avoid putting characters like ” , ‘ ; in if you don’t know what you’re doing.

The server may read these as programming code. Apostrophes and other non-alphabet characters can be ‘escaped’ out of a script by putting a backward slash in front of them.

7. Get the paths to required files correct in the script itself and in the html files involved. Telnet to your site, and use the pwd command: ‘pwd somename’ (without the apostrophes) to find where directories and programs are on your server.

8. Windows (MS-DOS) may insert carriage returns which cause errors in Unix. In Perl, You need to have a line break after #!/usr/bin/perl. It appears to be there, but you may have to insert it manually via Telnet. Otherwise you may get an error.

9. Permissions: Set permissions of scripts to 705 (e.g. ‘CHMOD 705 yourscript.cgi’ in a telnet session). CHMOD 606 for text files the script may need to read or write to. CHMOD 707 any file or sub-directory the script author asks you to. The rest can usually be left at the default 644.

(The use of 0 here in permissions is to stop people in the same ‘group’ as you peeking at your files).

10. Upload scripts in ASCII mode only, or you’ll get errors in them (the text will be shifted around if you upload in Binary).

FTP files with the extensions .tar.gz, .zip, and image files, in BINARY mode only.

11. Check whether you’ve put a trailing forward-slash where you’re not supposed to, or not inserted one when you’re supposed to!

12. Email addresses in a script may need a backward-slash before the @ to work.

13. Don’t change too many things at once. Do the absolute minimum to get the script working, then change one thing at a time.

14. If you are changing the HTML code of a form page that posts to the script: Clear your browser’s cache. You may still be loading an old version of your page, with tags that your script now won’t recognise.

Your ISP may also be using its cache of your web page. Try connecting via another ISP, or use a proxy service like http://www.Anonymouse.ws to view your page.

15. The error ‘document contains no data’ in your browser usually means a path or a file name is wrong. It can also mean the file you’re calling is 0 bytes in size.

16. Don’t try setting scripts up when you’re tired. If you’ve been working for hours, take a break, or go to bed!

17. It’s a fact that, after all this, your script might have a bug. Check any discussion boards at the vendor’s website, or general webmaster forums, to see if this is a common problem. Report exactly what problems you’re having, and your server set-up, to the programmers. It’s unlikely you’re the first person to have it.

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What is VoIP? Is it useful, or inexpensive? The answer is that VoIP is Voice over Internet Protocol. Voice over the Internet allows connections all over the world. It is one way to have a free pc to phone international call.
free pc to phone international call, pc to phone
What is VoIP? Is it useful, or inexpensive? The answer is that VoIP is Voice over Internet Protocol. Voice over the Internet allows connections all over the world. It is one way to have a free pc to phone international call. In other words it is a phone call from pc. Yes, it is useful, and it is inexpensive, especially if you like the word free. Some Voice over Internet service may allow you to only call anyone who has the same service, but some will allow a phone call to anyone with a telephone number including international numbers.

Easy Free PC To Phone International Call
Voice over Internet Protocol allows the converting of your voice into a digital signal that travels over the Internet. If you are calling a regular phone number, using a broadband service, the signal is converted to a regular telephone signal before it reaches the destination. In layman’s terms you are using your Personal Computer via a modem or phone adapter to connect to the Internet, and the receiving person will answer via PC or telephone. This allows the free pc to phone international call. This all happens with this broadband Internet connection instead of a regular or analog phone line.

The equipment needed to make this happen are a broadband high speed Internet connection. A computer, adapter or other specialized phone is required. Some Voice over Internet Protocol services only work over your computer or a special VoIP phone, while there are other services that allow you to use a traditional phone connected to a VoIP adapter. If you are going to use your computer as a phone call from pc then you will need to have some software and an inexpensive microphone. Some special VoIP phones plug directly into your broadband connection and operate largely like a traditional telephone. If you use a telephone with an adapter, then you will use the phone like you always have.

In order to make the VoIP free pc to phone international call you must make certain that your Internet provider will allow you to make those calls. It comes down to what your subscription service will allow on their services. Check into that before you decide if VoIP is right for you. One of the advantages of VoIP is that you may be able to avoid paying for both a broadband connection and a traditional telephone line, which will save you money. More so if you are able to make a phone call from pc. If you are traveling overseas or to another country you may take your phone and adapter with you, and connect to another computer. This makes you able to use your same provider to make phone calls back home.

The disadvantages are that the VoIP will not work during power outages and the service provider may not offer backup power. Not all VoIP service connects directly with emergency services such as 9-1-1. Nor will some providers offer directory assistance or white page listings. These seem to be the downfall of having VoIP service. The computer does not have to be turned on for the VoIP to work, but the broadband connection must be active or live. The other piece of news is that you can use both the computer and the VoIP phone service at the same time. Yes, this is one good way of making your free pc to phone international call.

The option is for you to check with your Internet service provider. Make certain you have all software and possible adapters, as well as the broadband connection. With the right equipment you will be able to make a free pc to phone international call. If you are attending school, working overseas, or checking on the family back home, then VoIP is a wonderful tool to connect with loved ones, and special people. This is a way to have your free pc to phone international call. The tools are available. Your next step is to set up your computer and Internet service provider for a Voice over Internet Protocol.

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Okay so there are numerous ways to find calling cards these days. The most conventional and probably easiest way to find then is to go to your local grocery or drug store and simply ask for one.
Calling Card Distributer
Okay so there are numerous ways to find calling cards these days. The most conventional and probably easiest way to find then is to go to your local grocery or drug store and simply ask for one. A lot of gas stations also carry them; they are not hard to find. However if you are really worried about getting the best rate and finding the right card, I have good news. There now appear to be actual calling card distributors available on the internet.

Of course I found these calling card distributors in the internet. Isn’t that how you find everything nowadays; on the internet? Well so most of the pages I found act kind of as a search engines for the calling cards they stock; it is kind of like an eBay for calling cards. You can type in the country you are calling from and the country you are calling to and they will give you a huge list of all the possible calling cards out there and their rates-. The one search I did turned up with 20 results. Now some of these cards I am sure are hard to find in your grocery stores of drug stores; and most stores only sell one or two kinds of cards. However; you can actually order these cards online. These sites act like online calling card distributors for people who need them.

I can’t say why I am surprised at this service. You can find most things on the internet now. It just seems like such a small industry and not one that people would develop entire internet sites and businesses around. However I guess you can now make a business out of anything if you want to, and now should you really need an international calling card, and are really worried about the rates; well here is your solution.

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ComboFix is a spyware infection remover. ComboFix was designed and written specifically to target the following types of infections: SurfSideKick, QooLogic, Look2Me or any combination of that group.
Combofix
ComboFix is a spyware infection remover. ComboFix was designed and written specifically to target the following types of infections: SurfSideKick, QooLogic, Look2Me or any combination of that group.
This software also has a built-in engine to target Vundo infections, now it may take care of some of these infections, but not all of them.
Now while it can help and cure some other infections, it doesn’t do that good of a job, as it does with the group listed above, because it was designed to look for the specific traits that are used by those infections.
The software is constantly being updated to provide the latest protection to its users.
As well as providing good support for removing spyware and infections, ComboFix also has other built in utilities that makes it a nice software to have. ComboFix also has the ability to unhook any .DLL files inside the Windows “System32″ folder so that you can personally access them, and help to remove any infections manually that might have taken place with these files.
Also, ComboFix has a built in file deleting engine inside it, so that the user can delete any file, not just infected files. These can be locked or hidden files as well. Using the Command Line, a user can delete up to 8 files at one time.

614
Did you know you can actually increase the speed of your dial up connection by as much as a factor of 7? Why settle for a crippled 56k link when you can experience the joy of a dial up accelerator? Here’s the lowdown.
ambient modem,faster dialup,dial up accelerator,speed up dialup,dialup booster
Do you remember the days? Firing up your 200Mhz turbo PowerPC, dialling up using your 56k modem, waiting an age for your hotmail page to show up, waiting some more to check your e-mails only to have your connection die just as you hit the send button! How times change.

It’s funny, once you’ve used broadband you quickly forget how painful the dial up connection was. I used to run my business on dial up and looking back I managed rather well. But these days there’s no way I could do without my broadband connection.

There’s no doubt about it, broadband is well and truly here to stay. It is of course a logical progression – streaming audio and video demand much higher bandwidth and broadband connections are the only way to achieve anything which is at all usable.

A recent survey revealed that 53% of Americans who use the Internet now use a broadband connection. What they failed to point out is that obviously this means 47% still use a dial up connection. This actually equates to around 60 million people. These kind of statistics are mirrored in other developed countries. When you consider a large chunk of the developing world still uses dial up then you realize that’s an awful lot of people still using a slow Internet connection.

So is it possible to speed up your dial up connection?

Well actually yes it is. There are quite a few services online these days allowing you to “accelerate” your dial up connection. These Internet accelerators claim to be able to boost the speed of your dial up connection by as much as six or seven times.

Before you scream with delight at this prospect I feel I should point out right now that these accelerator services are not high speed broadband Internet services. They use a different kind of technology based on the same idea as things like zip files and mp3 files. These files use a compression algorithm to dramatically reduce the file size.

Internet accelerators work in the same way and most providers have also implemented a caching technology whereby they store local copies of popular web sites. These local copies are pre compressed and can be sent to the user very quickly. The user has a piece of software sitting on their PC which decompresses the data as it comes in. This is how the dramatic speed increases are achieved.

Many people report excellent success with these systems. Some people are even comparing the accelerators with broadband services

So while this is a really good thing for basic web pages, the technology falls down as soon as you start working with large video or audio files etc. Since an mp3 file is already compressed there’s not much more compression that can be done and so the Internet accelerator has little effect. Plus many services have a file size limit meaning they will not even attempt to compress anything as big as a regular pop music mp3 file.

But if you’re just loading up normal web pages without too much flash animation and all the other bells and whistles, then I highly recommend you get yourself an accelerated service. If your ISP doesn’t offer it there are plenty that do so vote with your feet and check out some of these excellent services.

For more information simply search Google or Yahoo! for the term “dial up accelerator” or something like “speed up my dial up connection”. You’ll find lots of providers ready to supply you with service.

Some popular services in the USA are NetZero and Earthlink. In the UK you want to be taking a look at someone like Mistral or Onspeed.com

521
The call center business has become one of the fastest booming industries today. In the era of customer-oriented services, the provision for accessible support is now a priority. With many companies trying to cope up with their customers?needs and demands, the concept of the call center was born.

A call center normally operates with all its agents (or customer service representatives) in one central location. It is equipped to handle a large amount of transactions between…
business, call centers, internet, online business
The call center business has become one of the fastest booming industries today. In the era of customer-oriented services, the provision for accessible support is now a priority. With many companies trying to cope up with their customers?needs and demands, the concept of the call center was born.

A call center normally operates with all its agents (or customer service representatives) in one central location. It is equipped to handle a large amount of transactions between customers and the call center agents. Transactions may be carried out through a variety of media. The telephone is the foremost form of communication in call centers today. However, transactions are also carried out via email and the live chat through the Internet.

Call centers offer a wide range of services. The first thought that comes to mind for many is support – product information, technical support, and all sorts of after sales services. However, call centers can offer more than that. They also deal with marketing and sales. Telemarketing is an aggressive form of selling your product and can yield very good results. Call centers cater to businesses which aim to increase their sales as well as provide customer services. One example would be credit card companies.

While aiming to provide information and assistance to customers, they can also increase their revenue through sales spiels given by their agents. Another service that can be dealt with by a call center is debt collection. Credit bureaus also make use of call centers to provide information on a person’s credit rating. In effect, basically anything that has to do with your customers can be done through call centers.

What is the typical set up in a call center? The term call center brings up images of wide open work spaces, with small workstations containing a computer, headset, and telephone dialer. The practice is increasingly turning to the linking of data and voice in one pathway. This integration makes for more efficient work practices and is called Computer Telephony Integration (CTI). Individual agents are normally managed by a floor supervisor who also takes calls when the need arises.

Setting up a call center requires certain technology to be applied. There is a wide range of available technologies for call centers today. More often than not, different types of technologies are combined in order to achieve the most effective and efficient set up. The Computer Telephony Integration has already been mentioned is one of the trends in the business today. In fact, CTI is used to combine most applications used in call centers – voice, email, fax, and web. CTI provides many functions such as caller ID, on screen dialing, on screen phone controls (conference calls, hang up, hold, etc.), and agent status control (whether agent is available for calls or not).

With all these advances in technology and developments in consumer-oriented practices, the call center has emerged as an ideal solution for many companies. The call center provides standardized service to customers and helps cut the cost. In addition to that, the separate entity of the call center subtracts from the actual operational considerations of the company.

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The term cell phone is becoming nondescriptive of today’s portable devices. The units available lately do more than just make and receive phone calls. With the ever decreasing price of electronics, things such as cameras, GPS, calendars, and contact managers have become available even on the cheapest of models. There is such a fine line between the function of a cell phone and a Personal Digital Assistant, that maybe the term “cell phone” will fall by the wayside!

How to c…
cell phone,cell phone plan,wireless cellular phone,cellular phone ringtone,best cellular phone
The term cell phone is becoming nondescriptive of today’s portable devices. The units available lately do more than just make and receive phone calls. With the ever decreasing price of electronics, things such as cameras, GPS, calendars, and contact managers have become available even on the cheapest of models. There is such a fine line between the function of a cell phone and a Personal Digital Assistant, that maybe the term “cell phone” will fall by the wayside!

How to choose a cell phone? First of all, any communication outside the device will have to be paid for. Cell phone plans are a whole different topic. But, it is partlly related because some of the functions of these cell phones or PDAs require communication with the internet or other online service. Primarily, you want a device to talk on. A good place to start shopping is the many forums that are related to differeent models. Enter terms like “cell phone review” or “cell phone forum”. Many times there are subforums related exclusively to a certain brand or model. If you browse through these forums, you will find many dislikes and likes of many different models. Although consider this- many people post their negative experiences far more than their postive ones in forums. So, keep that in mind that there are no perfect electronic devices. Notice features discussed such as holdability (is the device TOO small or big), sound clarity, reception, how easy to use the menus system of the cell phone. These are key factors. Your device might open your garage door for you. But if you despise using it all day becasue it is uncomfortable to hold or has bad reception, then do not go for it.

Once you have a list of a few models, consider the other functions of the cell phones and what you really need. DO you NEED a camera? Many are just toys. Some models today actually have 1.3 megapixel cameras in them- just like the first digital cameras. How about ringtone quality? Is that important? Some are just “FM synthesized” and give you your typical blleps and bloops arranged into a song. Other have full polyphonic instrumentsplaying the tones. Others play a section of a real song. Do you drive a lot? Some phones have what is called Bluetooth. This is a wireless protocall for connecting to other dvices that are close by. It is excellent for using in your car that has a Bluetooth receiver in it- you can have a handsfree setup with no wwires! Some cars are coming with this function already, but there are kits to add it to any car. Most exciting is the ability to accept memory cards and store MP3s and even movies! The screens are small, but with amazing quailty! Notice, these are just options that enhance the user experience- but sound quailty of the voice and reception far outweigh these options.

Do you have data needs? Some devices have either a Palm Pilot or Windows CE computer in them. These are great if you use these types of devices and want to carry one device. Maybe you are carrying a laptop soley for using somelike like the ACT! Contact manager. Well there is a Palm version of that so you can take all you ACT! data with you, without ther laptop. Maybe you need to be up to date on the latest news? These devices typically also have a small web browser in them, so you can connect to the internet. Granted, you cant get the same webcontent a real computer could due to the screen size, but you can still get the information you need, send an email, receive email, etc. The downside is the size and the cost. They typically are twice the size of a nice compact phone, and sell in the $350+ area. Also, keep in mind that these data services cost extra money. So, if you need these functins, you might start your quest by lookin for cell phone companies that have better priced, or unlimited online service along with your cell minutes. Then you might have to chose a phone from that company’s linup.

If you spend the time thinking about what you need and attack the project the right way, you will end up with something you will wonder how you ever lived without. Today’s cell phones and PDAs have become integrated heavily into or society. Enjoy your cell phone and use it responsibly! Some states have laws that you cannot hold a cell phone in your hand while driving, so you might want to consider the Bluetooth option or a car kit. Remember, turn your ringer down in the movies or other quiet public place!

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ICMP or Internet Control Message Protocol is a network protocol used in Internet Protocol (IP).
ICMP
ICMP is a required element to implement Internet Protocol. ICMP is a control protocol which means that it does not carry any application data, but data about the status of the network itself. ICMP is used to report:

- Errors in the core communications of the network applications
- Availability of remote hosts
- Network traffic and congestion

Technical details:

Internet control message protocol is part of the Internet protocol suite as defined in RFC 792. ICMP messages are generated in response to errors in IP (as specified in RFC 1122) or for diagnostic or routing purposes.

ICMP messages are generated at the IP layer. Though ICMP messages are transferred within normal IP datagrams, ICMP messages are usually processed as a special case, different from the usual IP processing. In many scenarios, it is essential to inspect the data contained in the ICMP message and output the correct error message to the application which generated the original IP packet.
Many commonly used network utilities are based on ICMP messages:

The best known example of using ICMP is the ping function, which uses ICMP to query remote hosts for response and overall server latency. The ping function is implemented using the ICMP “Echo request” and “Echo reply” commands.

ICMP also supports the traceroute command, which is used to identify intermediate “jumps?between a given client and server. The trace route command is implemented by transmitting UDP datagrams with specially set IP header fields, while looking for the total time taken for the response to reach the original transmitter.

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If you browse the internet from your workplace, school or library, you realize that many of the famous entertainment or slightly off-color sites have been blocked.
unblock websites
Web sites are blocked due to certain filter or blocking software that is loaded onto your computer.

In addition, large computer networks (networks at your workplace or school), a firewall is also installed and this is also used to block specific web sites. However, unblocking web sites can sometimes be a difficult task to achieve.

Proxies or proxy servers (also called anonymizers) have the ability to bypass filters on the computer or the network’s firewall. Your computer connects to a proxy and the proxy makes the connection with the blocked web site. Using a proxy is also the easiest way to access websites that have been blocked by a filter or firewall. The proxy server then allows you to browse the blocked site

The easiest way to find a proxy is to head to
http://www.tech-faq.com/proxy-sites.shtml

. Select any of the proxy and check if you are able to access it. If you are able to access the proxy site, make sure you bookmark it in your browser. If you are unable to access it, it means that the proxy is blocked. You will have to head to the page again and find a working proxy.

Once you have found a working proxy, follow the steps given below:
- Enter the site address – Scroll down the page until you see a text box and a button displaying “Go”, “Browse” or “Surf” beside it. Click on the text box and enter the address of the web page you wish to view.
- Click the button – Click on the button next to the textbox, displaying “Go”, “Browse” or “Surf” . Voila! You have successfully unblocked the site.

Unfortunately, the filters will sooner or later block the proxies. You will have to head back to the proxy list and find another proxy to use.

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Microsoft Windows now ships with an integrated free backup software which can be accessed by clicking , , , and .
Free, Backup, Software
Microsoft Windows now ships with an integrated free backup software which can be accessed by clicking , , , and .
Most Unix systems come with a plethora of backup software options, including dd, cpio, tar, and dump.
If the free and basic backup software included with your OS does not meet your needs, you may want to look at some of these more comprehensive free backup software packages.
Free Backup Software for Microsoft Windows
Cobian Backup
Cobian Backup is a multi-threaded program that can be used to schedule and backup your files and directories from their original location to other directories/drives in the same computer or other computer in your network. FTP backup is also supported in both directions (upload and download).
Cobian Backup exists in two different versions: application and service. The program uses very few resources and can be running on the background on your system, checking your backup schedule and executing your backups when necessary.
Cobian Backup is not an usual backup application: it only copies your files and folders in original or compressed mode to other destination, creating a security copy as a result. So Cobian Backup can be better described as a “Scheduler for security copies”.
Cobian Backup supports several methods of compression and strong encryption.
Freebyte Backup
Freebyte Backup is a freeware backup program for Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2000/XP. Freebyte Backup allows one to easily copy (and filter) a large number of files and directories from various sources into one backup directory.
It is possible to backup all files found in the specified set of input directories, or to have only certain file types copied. Files can be filtered according to file-extensions. E.g. you can specify that you want to backup all .doc, .rtf, .jpg, .bmp files, but none of the .exe, .dll and .txt files. You can very easily define new file extensions yourself to be added to the filter.
SyncBack Freeware
SyncBack Freeware is a freeware program that helps you easily backup and synchronize your files to: the same drive; a different drive or medium (CDRW, CompactFlash, etc); an FTP server; a Network; or a Zip archive.
Free Backup Software for Unix and Microsoft Windows
AMANDA
AMANDA, the Advanced Maryland Automatic Network Disk Archiver, is a backup system that allows the administrator of a LAN to set up a single master backup server to back up multiple hosts to a single large capacity tape drive.
AMANDA uses native dump and/or GNU tar facilities and can back up a large number of workstations running multiple versions of Unix. AMANDA can also use SAMBA to back up hosts running Microsoft Windows.
Bacula
Bacula is a set of computer programs that permit you (or the system administrator) to manage backup, recovery, and verification of computer data across a network of computers of different kinds.
In technical terms, Bacula is a network based backup program.
Bacula is relatively easy to use and efficient, while offering many advanced storage management features that make it easy to find and recover lost or damaged files.
afbackup
afbackup is a client-server backup system allowing many workstations to backup to a central server (simultaneously or serially).
Backups can be started remotely from the server or via cron jobs on the clients.
afbackup has been tested on Linux, FreeBSD, AIX, IRIX, Digital Unix (OSF1), Solaris and HP-UX. The afbackup client has also been tested on SunOS and OpenBSD.

695
Useful tips to save on international calls to the Philippines
long distance to the philippines,philippines,call philippines,phone philippines,calling philippines,phone card to philippines,calling cards to philippines,cheap long distance
Most Filipinos would love to hear from their relatives or friends from the US. Who won’t? There’s just so much to tell and burning the lines would be one helluvah understatement if you are to make an international call to the Philippines. This is because the Philippines is one of the most eventful places in the world right now. See the news to prove this.

Placing an international call could be a very wallet-pinching endeavor. But this should not always be the case. There are numerous ways to make a long distance call, especially if the destination of your call is the Pearl of the Orient, the Philippines.

Here is a rundown of suggestions on how to make that international call to the Philippines without shelling out much of your hard-earned dollars.

1. Be careful when buying call cards.

Several prepaid phone cards have hidden charges. There could be a connection fee that could be almost tantamount to getting ripped off especially when the card buyer makes a call and either the call is routed to a voice mailbox or to an answering machine. Connection fee deduction is automatically done even when the caller did not say anything yet.

Other phone card hidden charges include service fee, maintenance fee, access number and long talking fee. The expiration date should also be checked.

2. Know what type of phone will receive your call.

It won’t be advisable to make a long distance call to any mobile device. This is because most of overseas carriers implement the “calling party pays” system. The tariff rate of an international wireless phone could be a lot higher compared to a call made to a land-line in the same country.

3. Say no to a telephone operator.

When you choose to be assisted by a telephone operator when placing an international call, you choose to pay considerably more. Whenever possible opt to use a dial-around service or dial direct.

4. Sign up to a prepaid long distance plan.

Various carriers offer this kind of service to those who frequently place long distance calls. Opt for those with flexible programs. These plans work like phone cards but do not have fees and charges associated with prepaid phone cards. They usually have very low domestic and international rates 24/7 and call quality is usually excellent. One more thing about these prepaid plans is the convenience of being able to use them when placing calls from any telephones be it cell phones or public phones.

5. Calling during non-business days or off-peak time will help you save.

Make the most out of these privileges by checking on what your carrier offers. Just make sure that it won’t be too much of an inconvenience to the recipient of your call.

6. Bad connections should be noted.

Bad connections happen and the Philippines is not an exception to this nuisance. When this happens, take note of the time and the number you called. Prepaid calling cards rarely gives you credit for bad connections. But if you made an international call using a standard long distance carrier, or prepaid long distance plans, better check if you could be given credit for that call. They always do.

It would help if you print this info to be always reminded of the Do’s and Don’t's when it comes to making an international call.

With these simple tips, you don’t have to worry when your phone bill arrives.

Finally, here’s the step-by-step process in calling the Philippines.

a. Dial 011, which is the international code

b. Then, key in the Philippines’ country code, which is 63.

c. Now, dial the city area code where your your wife and kids are.

Here are the major cities in the Philippines with their respective city area codes:

Angeles Luzon – 455

Bacolod – 34

Baguio – 74

Cebu – 32

Clarkfield, Pampanga – 45

Dagupan, Pangasinan – 75

Davao – 82

Iloilo – 33

Laguna Province – 49562

Lucena, Luzon – 42

Makati, Luzon – 2

Manila – 2

Ozamiz City – 88

San Fernando, Pampanga – 45

San Fernando, La Union – 72

San Pablo – 49

Subic, Zambales – 47

Tarlac – 452

Tarlac Province – 45

Zamboanga – 62

d. Finally, dial the remaining digits.

Also, don’t forget to greet your Filipino friend using her native lingo. “Kumusta”, pronounced as “cooh-moose-TAH” surely will never fail to make her smile.

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In the world of internet phone service, Callcentric and Skype could be very well considered the toughest competitors. Both have a relatively big customer base and an equally big reputation in the industry.
Free pc to phone international call
In the world of internet phone service, Callcentric and Skype could be very well considered the toughest competitors. Both have a relatively big customer base and an equally big reputation in the industry. Both offer lots of value added services to their customers and are considered very cheap when compared to traditional international phone calls. Despite these similarities, there are a few things that can be compared between Callcentric and Skype to highlight certain features that separate one from the other.

Callcentric offers four plans that could be considered the cheapest in the market. They are Callcentric IP Freedom Plan, Callcentric Pay per Call, Callcentric North America Unlimited, and Callcentric World Select. All of them offer unlimited PC to PC calls to other Callcentric members for free, wherever in the world they are. IP Freedom Plan is considered the cheapest of them all, as it provides free calls to other members, wherever they are. At no monthly charge, no surcharge, no hidden fees, no per-call rate, and no other commitment, this is considered the best bargain. All you need is an adapter or software and you are good to go with the Callcentric IP Freedom plan.

Skype also has a similar structure, as calls made to any Skype customer are free all over the world. In fact, Skype became extremely popular due to this feature, as free PC to PC calls were something really rare at the time when Skype brought in this feature. So, basically this plan works the same way for Skype and Callcentric. Free PC to phone international call and phone calls from the PC are something everyone looks forward to while using Skype and Callcentric, and this is the area where Callcentric scores over Skype.

Callcentric has plans such as Pay per Call, North America Unlimited, and World Select which offer tremendous value for the money you pay. At a miserly monthly rate around $19.95 per month, you will be able to make unlimited phone calls to the USA and Canada. With this plan, you will be able to make hundreds of calls in a month and still pay an incredibly low $19.95.

In the World Select plan, Callcentric goes a step ahead of its competitors and offer unlimited calls to people all over the world for a monthly rate of $29.95. Thanks to the wide network of Callcentric with over 35 countries across the globe, you can call any of your near and dear ones any number of times for just around $30 a month.

Skype has an offer called Skype Credit which asks you to pay some amount and you also need to pay a connection fee. Once you log in, the credit you have will appear next to your name. Then you can start calling any part of the world. But the catch here is the rate per call. The rates range around 1.7 Euro cents per minute, which is considered costlier than Callcentric, as you can make unlimited calls to any part of the world in case of Callcentric for just under $30 per month. This is where Callcentric scores over Skype and is considered the better option when it comes to PC to phone calling.

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In this article I will explain how the Internet works, all the way from what goes through the wires and how the wires across the globe connect, to how meaningful activities are performed on your computer.

Unlike other Internet articles, I won’t try to explain the history behind the Internet of today ?it’s complex enough, and like me, you probably don’t care very much. I also won’t be confusing you with highly technical explanations.
internet,tcpip,protocol,url,http,ip,address,modem,website,dns,nameserver,ipaddress,webpage,web,ssl
To most people, the Internet is the place to which everyone plugs in their computer and views webpages and sends e-mail. That’s a very human-centric viewpoint, but if we’re to truly understand the Internet, we need to be more exact:

The Internet is THE large global computer network that people connect to by-default, by virtue of the fact that it’s the largest. And, like any computer network, there are conventions that allow it to work.

This is all it is really ?a very big computer network. However, this article will go beyond explaining just the Internet, as it will also explain the ‘World Wide Web’. Most people don’t know the difference between the Internet and Web, but really it’s quite simple: the Internet is a computer network, and the Web is a system of publishing (of websites) for it.

Computer networks

And, what’s a computer network? A computer network is just two or more of computers connected together such that they may send messages between each other. On larger networks computers are connected together in complex arrangements, where some intermediary computers have more than one connection to other computers, such that every computer can reach any other computer in the network via paths through some of those intermediary computers.

Computers aren’t the only things that use networks ?the road and rail networks are very similar to computer networks, just those networks transport people instead of information.
Trains on a rail network operate on a certain kind of track ?such a convention is needed, because otherwise the network could not effectively work. Likewise, roads are designed to suit vehicles that match a kind of pattern ?robust vehicles of a certain size range that travel within a certain reasonable speed range. Computers in a network have conventions too, and we usually call these conventions ‘protocols’.

There are many kinds of popular computer network today. The most conventional by far is the so-called ‘Ethernet’ network that physically connects computers together in homes, schools and offices. However, WiFi is becoming increasingly popular for connecting together devices so that cables aren’t required at all.

Connecting to the Internet

When you connect to the Internet, you’re using networking technology, but things are usually a lot muddier. There’s an apt phrase, “Rome wasn’t built in a day” because neither was the Internet. The only reason the Internet could spring up so quickly and cheaply for people was because another kind of network already existed throughout the world ?the phone network!

The pre-existence of the phone network provided a medium for ordinary computers in ordinary people’s homes to be connected onto the great high-tech military and research network that had been developed in years before. It just required some technological mastery in the form of ‘modems’. Modems allow phone lines to be turned into a mini-network connection between a home and a special company (an ‘ISP’) that already is connected up to the Internet. It’s like a bridge joining up the road networks on an island and the mainland ?the road networks become one, due to a special kind of connection between them.

Fast Internet connections that are done via ‘(A)DSL’ and ‘Cable’ are no different to phone line connections really ?there’s still a joining process of some kind going on behind the scenes. As Arthur C. Clarke once said, ‘any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic’.

The Internet

The really amazing about the Internet isn’t the technology. We’ve actually had big Internet-like computer networks before, and ‘The Internet’ existed long before normal people knew the term. The amazing thing is that such a massive computer network could exist without being built or governed in any kind of seriously organised way. The only organisation that really has a grip on the core computer network of the Internet is a US-government-backed non-profit company called ‘ICANN’, but nobody could claim they ‘controlled’ the Internet, as their mandate and activities are extremely limited.

The Internet is a testament both simultaneously due to the way technologists cooperated and by the way entrepreneurs took up the task, unmanaged, to use the conventions of the technologists to hook up regular people and businesses. The Internet didn’t develop on the Microsoft Windows ‘operating system’ ?Internet technology was built around much older technical operating systems; nevertheless, the technology could be applied to ordinary computers by simply building support for the necessary networking conventions on top of Windows. It was never planned, but good foundations and a lack of bottlenecks (such as controlling bodies) often lead to unforeseen great rises ?like the telephone network before, or even the world-wide spread of human population and society.

What I have described so far is probably not the Internet as you or most would see it. It’s unlikely you see the Internet as a democratic and uniform computer network, and to an extent, it isn’t. The reason for this is that I have only explained the foundations of the system so far, and this foundation operates below the level you’d normally be aware of. On the lowest level you would be aware of, the Internet is actually more like a situation between a getter and a giver ?there’s something you want from the Internet, so you connect up and get it. Even when you send an e-mail, you’re getting the service of e-mail delivery.

Being a computer network, the Internet consists of computers ?however, not all computers on the Internet are created equal. Some computers are there to provide services, and some are there to consume those services. We call the providing computers ‘servers’ and the consuming computers ‘clients’. At the theoretical level, the computers have equal status on the network, but servers are much better connected than clients and are generally put in place by companies providing some kind of commercial service. You don’t pay to view a web site, but somebody pays for the server the website is located on ?usually the owner of the web site pays a ‘web host’ (a commercial company who owns the server).

Making contact

I’ve established how the Internet is a computer network: now I will explain how two computers that could be on other sides of the world can send messages to each other.

Imagine you were writing a letter and needed to send it to someone. If you just wrote a name on the front, it would never arrive, unless perhaps you lived in a small village. A name is rarely specific enough. Therefore, as we all know, we use addresses to contact someone, often using: the name, the house number, the road name, the town name, the county name, and sometimes, the country name. This allows sending of messages on another kind of network ?the postal network. When you send a letter, typically it will be passed between postal sorting offices starting from the sorting office nearest to the origin, then up to increasingly large sorting offices until it’s handled by a sorting office covering regions for both the origin and the destination, then down to increasingly small sorting offices until it’s at the sorting office nearest the destination ?and then it’s delivered.

In our postal situation, there are two key factors at work ?a form of addressing that ‘homes in’ on the destination location, and a form of message delivery that ‘broadens out’ then ‘narrows in’. Computers are more organised, but they actually effectively do exactly the same thing.

Each computer on the Internet is given an address (‘IP address’), and this ‘homes in’ on their location. The ‘homing in’ isn’t done strictly geographically, rather in terms of the connection-relationship between the smaller computer networks within the Internet. For the real world, being a neighbour is geographical, but on a computer network, being a neighbour is having a direct network connection.

Like the postal network with its sorting offices, computer networks usually have connections to a few other computer networks. A computer network will send the message to a larger network (a network that is more likely to recognise at least some part of the address). This process of ‘broadening out’ continues until the message is being handled by a network that is ‘over’ the destination, and then the ‘narrowing in’ process will occur.

An example ‘IP address’ is ’69.60.115.116′. They are just series of digit groups where the digit groups towards the right are increasingly local. Each digit group is a number between 0 and 255. This is just an approximation, but you could think of this address meaning:

• A computer 116
• in a small neighbourhood 115
• in a larger neighbourhood 60
• controlled by an ISP 69
• (on the Internet)

The small neighbourhood, the larger neighbourhood, the ISP, and the Internet, could all be consider computer networks in their own right. Therefore, for a message to the same ‘larger neighbourhood’, the message would be passed up towards one of those intermediary computers in the larger neighbourhood and then back down to the correct smaller neighbourhood, and then to the correct computer.

Getting the message across

Now that we are able to deliver messages the hard part is over. All we need to do is to put stuff in our messages in a certain way such that it makes sense at the other end.

Letters we send in the real world always have stuff in common ?they are written on paper and in a language understood by both sender and receiver. I’ve discussed before how conventions are important for networks to operate, and this important concept remains true for our messages.

All parts of the Internet transfer messages written in things called ‘Packets’, and the layout and contents of those ‘packets’ are done according to the ‘Internet Protocol’ (IP). You don’t need to know these terms, but you do need to know that these simple messages are error prone and simplistic.
You can think of ‘packets’ as the Internet equivalence of a sentence ?for an ongoing conversation, there would be many of them sent in both directions of communication.

Getting the true message across

All those who’ve played ‘Chinese whispers’ will know how messed up (‘corrupted’) messages can get when they are sent between many agents to get from their origin to their destination. Computer networks aren’t as bad as that, but things do go wrong, and it’s necessary to be able to automatically detect and correct problems when they do.

Imagine you’re trying to correct spelling errors in a letter. It’s usually easy to do because there are far fewer words than there are possible word-length combinations of letters. You can see when letter combinations don’t spell out words (‘errors’), and then easily guess what the correct word should have been.

It reely does worke.

Errors in messages on the Internet are corrected in a very similar way. The messages that are sent are simply made longer than they need to be, and the extra space is used to “sum up” the message so to speak ?if the “summing up” doesn’t match the message an error has been found and the message will need to be resent.
In actual fact, it is often possible to logically estimate with reasonable accuracy what was wrong with a message without requiring resending.

Error detection and correction can never be perfect, as the message and “summing up” part could be coincidently messed-up so that they falsely indicate nothing went wrong. The theory is based off storing a big enough “summing up” part so that this unfortunate possibility is so unlikely that it can be safely ignored.

Reliable message transfer on the Internet is done via ‘TCP’. You may have heard the term ‘TCP/IP’: this is just the normal combination of ‘IP’ and ‘TCP’, and is used for almost all Internet communication. IP is fundamental to the Internet, but TCP is not ?there are in fact other ‘protocols’ that may be used that I won’t be covering.

Names, not numbers

When most people think of an ‘Internet Address’ they think of something like ‘www.ocportal.com’ rather than ’69.60.115.116′. People relate to names with greater ease than numbers, so special computers that humans need to access are typically assigned names (‘domain names’) using a system known as ‘DNS’ (the ‘domain name system’).

All Internet communication is still done using IP addresses (recall ’69.60.115.116′ is an IP address). The ‘domain names’ are therefore translated to IP addresses behind the scenes, before the main communication starts.

At the core, the process of looking up a domain name is quite simple ?it’s a process of ‘homing in’ by moving leftwards through the name, following an interrogation path. This is best shown by example ?’www.ocportal.com’ would be looked up as follows:

• Every computer on the Internet knows how to contact the computers (the ‘root’ ‘DNS servers’) responsible for things like ‘com’, ‘org’, ‘net’ and ‘uk’. There are a few such computers and one is contacted at random. The DNS server computer is asked if they know ‘www.ocportal.com’ and will respond saying they know which server computer is responsible for ‘com’.
• The ‘com’ server computer is asked it knows ‘www.ocportal.com’ and will respond saying they know which server computer is responsible for ‘ocportal.com’.
• ‘The ‘ocportal.com’ server computer is asked if it knows ‘www.ocportal.com’ and will respond saying that it knows the corresponding server computer to be ’69.60.115.116′.

Note that there is a difference between a server computer being ‘responsible’ for a domain name and the domain name actually corresponding to that computer. For example, the ‘ocportal.com’ responsible DNS server might not necessarily be the same server as ‘ocportal.com’ itself.

As certain domain names, or parts of domain names, are very commonly used, computers will remember results to avoid doing a full interrogation for every name they need to lookup. In fact, I have simplified the process considerably in my example because the looking-up computer does not actually perform the full search itself. If all computers on the Internet did full searches it would overload the ‘root DNS servers’, as well as the DNS servers responsible for names like ‘com’. Instead, the looking up computer would ask it’s own special ‘local DNS server’, which might remember a result of a partial result, or might solicit help (full, or partial) from it’s own ‘local DNS server’, and so on ?until, in a worst case scenario, the process has to be completed in full.

Domain names are allocated by the person wanting them registering the domain name with an agent (a ‘registrar’) of the organisation responsible for the furthest right-hand part of the domain name. At the time of writing a company named ‘VeriSign’ (of which ‘Network Solutions’ is a subsidiary) is responsible for things like ‘com’ and ‘net’. There are an uncountable number of registrars operating for VeriSign, and most domain purchasers are likely not aware of the chain of responsibility present ?instead, they just get the domains they want from the agent, and deal solely with that agent and their web host (who are often the same company). Domains are never purchased, but rather rented and exclusively renewable for a period a bit longer than the rental period.

Meaningful dialogue

I’ve fully covered the essence of how messages are delivered over the Internet, but so far these messages are completely raw and meaningless. Before meaningful communication can occur we need to layer on yet another protocol (recall IP and TCP protocols are already layered over our physical network).

There are many protocols that work on the communications already established, including:

• HTTP ?for web pages, typically read in web browser software
• POP3 ?for reading e-mail in e-mail software, with it stored on a user’s own computer
• IMAP4 ?for reading e-mail in e-mail software, with it archived on the receiving server
• SMTP ?for sending e-mail from e-mail software
• FTP ?for uploading and downloading files (sometimes via a web browser, although using special FTP software is better)
• ICMP ?for ‘pinging’, amongst other things (a ‘ping’ is the Internet equivalent to shouting out a ‘are you there’)
• MSN Messenger ?this is just one example of many protocols that aren’t really standard and shared conventions, but rather ones designed by a single software manufacturer wholly for the purposes of their own software

I’m not going to go into the details of any of these protocols because it’s not really relevant unless you actually need to know it.

The information transferred via a protocol is usually a request for something, or a response for something requested. For example, with HTTP, a client computer requests a certain web page from a server via HTTP and then the web server, basically, responds with the file embedded within HTTP.

Each of these protocols operates on more or more so-called ‘ports’, and it is these ‘ports’ that allow the computers to know which protocol to use. For example, a web server (special computer software running on a server computer that serves out web pages) uses a port of number ’80′, and hence when the server receives messages on that port it passes them to the web server software which naturally knows that they’ll be written in HTTP.
For a client computer it’s simpler ?it knows that a response to a message it sent will be in the same protocol it initially used. When the messages are sent back and forth the server computer and client computer typically set up a so-called ‘stream’ (a marked conversation) between them. They are then able to associate messages to the stream according to their origin address and port number.

The World Wide Web

I’ve explained how the Internet works, but not yet how the ‘World Wide Web’ (the ‘web’) works. The web is the publishing system that most people don’t realise is distinguishable from the Internet itself.
The Internet uses IP addresses (often found via domain names) to identify resources, but the web has to have something more sophisticated as it would be silly if every single page on the Internet had to have it’s own ‘domain name’. The web uses ‘URLs’ (uniform resource locators), and I’m sure you know about these as nowadays they are printed all over the place in the real world (albeit, usually only in short-hand).

A typical URL looks like this:

<protocol>://<domain-name_OR_ip-address>/<resource_identifier>

For example:

http://www.ocportal.com/index.php

That said that’s not really a full URL, because occasionally URLs can be much more complex. For example:

<protocol>://<user>:<password>@<domain/ip>:<port>/<resource_identifier>

You can ignore the more complex example, because it’s not really relevant for the purposes of this article.

HTTP is the core protocol for the web. This is why URLs usually start ‘http://’. Web browsers almost always also support FTP, which is why some URLs may start ‘ftp://’.

Typically the ‘resource identifier’ is simply a file on the server computer. For example, ‘mywebsite/index.html’ would be a file on the server computer of the same path, stored underneath a special directory. On Windows the “” symbol is used to write out directory names, but as the web wasn’t invented for Windows, the convention of the older operating systems is used.

We now have three kinds of ‘Internet Address’, in order of increasing sophistication:

• IP addresses
• Domain names
• URLs

If a URL were put into web browser software by a prospective reader then the web browser would send out an appropriate request (usually, with the HTTP protocol being appropriate) to the server computer identified by the URL. The server computer would then respond and typically the web browser would end up with a file. The web browser would then interpret the file for display, much like any software running on a computer would interpret the files it understands. For the HTTP protocol, the web browser knows what to interpret the file as because the HTTP protocol uses something called a ‘MIME type’ to identify each kind of resource the server can send out. If the web server computer is just sending out an on-disk file then the web server computer works out the MIME type from the file extension (such as ‘.html’) of the file.

An ‘HTML’ file is the kind of file that defines a web page. It’s written in plain text, and basically mixes information showing show to display a document along with the document itself. If you’re curious, try using the “View page source” function of your web browser when viewing a web page, and you’ll see a mix of portions of normal human text and short text between ‘<’ and ‘>’ symbols. The former is the document contents and the latter are the display instructions.
In newer versions of HTML there’s a split between ‘structuring’ a document and ‘displaying’ a structure ?in this case, another special technology named ‘CSS’ is added to the mix.

I’ve explained how typical web pages are just files on the disk of a server computer. Increasingly, things are slightly less direct. When you visit something like eBay, your web-mail, or an ocPortal-powered website, you aren’t just reading files. You’re actually interacting with computer software, and the web pages you receive are generated anew by that software every time a request is made. These kinds of systems are known as ‘web applications’ and are increasingly replacing the need to install software on your own computer (because it’s so much easier just to use a web browser to access a web application on a server computer).

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When it comes to business, any new technology will ultimately be judged on how well it contributes to improving productivity and profit. If you are selling goods or services, online web conferencing can improve your bottom line by boosting sales and lowering costs. Here are five reasons why this is so:

1. It allows you to meet with more prospective clients

If you have to physically travel to a client’s office or location, there is only so much that you can do within any…
video conferencing, web conferencing, video conferencing software, web conferencing software
When it comes to business, any new technology will ultimately be judged on how well it contributes to improving productivity and profit. If you are selling goods or services, online web conferencing can improve your bottom line by boosting sales and lowering costs. Here are five reasons why this is so:

1. It allows you to meet with more prospective clients

If you have to physically travel to a client’s office or location, there is only so much that you can do within any given period. Let’s face it, travel is exhausting and expensive not only in terms of the direct costs that you make when you travel, but also in the way that your productivity is affected every time you have to pack up and leave your office.

You can meet with more clients online than you could ever do by trying to visit them all physically. Web conferencing is one of the best ways to get this work done.

2. Online Conferencing allows your prospects to put a face with the voice over the phone

A lot of selling is done on the telephone, and some people are very effective with a simple telephone. If you are able to sell on the phone, think of what you could achieve if your prospects and clients could see you by simply opening their browser and entering a few mouse clicks and keystrokes! People prefer to deal with people, rather than faceless voices. Video conferencing allows you to project your warmth and sincerity and will enhance whatever selling skills you already possess.

3. Conferencing allows you to get together with more decision makers

Many purchasing decisions require the input of more than one person, and web conferencing allows you to get all the decision makers together in one meeting. For example, suppose John in New York wants you to also meet with Lisa in London, you can do so very easily. Instead of trying to arrange a face-to-face meeting, you simply have to get all parties together in a web meeting.

Easily arranged online conferencing means that you will be able to shorten the time necessary to close complex transactions involving the input of several parties.

4. Online conferencing enables you to sell more “add-on?products to your existing clients by giving you the ability to be in a meeting with them at any time and within minutes.

The more time you spend with any prospect, the more opportunity you have to build your rapport and to explain in detail what you have to offer. Someone who contacts you for a simple service, upon getting to know you well online, will probably go on to purchase your other offerings. If that prospect is limited to a short phone call, the chances of selling them something else is far less than it is with them seeing you.

5. Web conferencing allows you to offer better after-sales service

Customers are not only interested in what you are selling today, but on what kind of service you will be able to offer them tomorrow. Web conferencing opens up great service opportunities. For example, your technicians can “visit?your clients online. Some conferencing applications even allow a person in one office to remotely “take over?and operate a computer in another office.

When your prospective clients and customers understand that you have the capacity to remain in touch with them and help them online, they will have one more reason to want to buy from you.

Once you try your hand at it, you will probably be able to add a few more points to this list by devising new ways to improve sales with online web and video conferencing.

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These days it seems business is becoming more and more complex and globalized. We are doing business with people everywhere in the US and in many instances, people in other countries. Due to the wide use of the Internet, the words “foreign country?doesn’t even seem to apply anymore.

The Internet has brought us all closer together in one aspect, but how does that affect investor relations, sales pitches, meetings, and group sessions? A lot of people now work closer with t…
Conference Call Center, Conference Call, Conference Call Services, discount conference calls
These days it seems business is becoming more and more complex and globalized. We are doing business with people everywhere in the US and in many instances, people in other countries. Due to the wide use of the Internet, the words “foreign country?doesn’t even seem to apply anymore.

The Internet has brought us all closer together in one aspect, but how does that affect investor relations, sales pitches, meetings, and group sessions? A lot of people now work closer with their computers than they do with co-workers and because of the Internet, many companies have people working for them from different parts of the world who have never even met each other.

Never before has conference calling been a more popular solution to the communication needs of companies and individuals all over the world. Conference calls are becoming increasingly popular as a method of bringing people together for meetings and discussions.

In this article, I will do my best to explain the advantages of conference calling for your business communication needs. Whether you are talking about meetings with investors, conference calls with your employees, making your sales presentation to groups, or simply needing several people in on the same discussion, conference calling is the most useful tool there is.

Chat rooms and message boards just don’t cut it. Message boards are impersonal, not real-time, and tend to get filled with useless information that isn’t directly related to your topic. Chat rooms are just that, chatty. You type in messages in real-time so it is better than a message board, but it again lacks the personal touches and insights conference calling provides.

Voice inflection, as many of you know is a great way to tell how someone feels about what you are saying. Simple typed messages do not give you that same advantage. When we hear our counterparts speak, we can tell how enthusiastic, positive, negative, or apathetic they are about what you say.

Conference calling is relational, while message boards and chat rooms are merely informational. That is the great difference in those options. You don’t make sales through information alone. You make sales by creating relationships.

You don’t encourage or motivate your employees or partners through information alone, you do it by creating relationships. You don’t instill confidence to your investors through providing just information, you do it by letting them hear how enthusiastic and positive you are about your proposal.

Only conference calling can provide the relationship solution when working with people who are too far away to physically attend meetings.

A simple search on your favorite search engine or just following the links in the footer of this article can provide you with many options for your specific conference calling needs.

What are some of the things that separate good conference calling services and bad ones? That is the question I get asked the most when discussing this topic. Here are some of the features you should look for;

High sound quality; The last thing you want to do is try to hold an important meeting through static, interrupted service, and low quality sound. The sound quality of your conference calls is far more important than the price or other features. If they cannot hear you speak clearly and you cannot hear them clearly, what is the use of a conference call at all?

Operators: While an operator assisted call is not necessary, having someone from your conference call service provider greeting each person as they are connected is a valuable service. They can tell the participants what to expect better than your own staff can, since they are familiar with the conference call software and service. In addition to that, the operator can and should monitor the entire call to make sure the sound quality maintains a high level of clarity. They will know what to do to fix it if a problem arises.

Recordings and Copies: If your conference call provider has the ability to record and provide playback of your conference call sessions, then you will want to take advantage of that feature. Some conference call providers can even provide it to you on CD afterwards. This is enormously helpful for you to be able to review your conference call sessions later. It may also serve as a record of agreements made during the conference call session.

Price: Last, but certainly not least, you have to consider price. You may be able to choose a conference call provider that gives you all of the features I mentioned above and more, or you may be on a tight budget and have to settle for less service. Whichever conference call service you use, do not sacrifice sound quality for price. That is the one feature you cannot afford to do without, no matter what the cost.

I hope this article on conference calling has been helpful to you. It was my goal to share with you what features I consider the most helpful to me in my business meetings.

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In the technological world we live in today we are all interconnected through millions of cables whether they can be seen or not. What we will be looking into today is the intercal design and purpose of two special cables called Category 5 cable and category 6 cable.
Category cable 5, Category cable 5e
In the technological world we live in today we are all interconnected through millions of cables whether they can be seen or not. What we will be looking into today is the intercal design and purpose of two special cables called Category 5 cable and category 6 cable. Category 5 cable, commonly known as Cat 5, is a twisted pair cable type designed for high signal integrity. Many such cables are unshielded but some are shielded. Category 5 has been superseded by the Category 5e specification. This type of cable is often used in structured cabling for computer networks such as Ethernet, and is also used to carry many other signals such as basic voice services, token ring, and ATM (at up to 155 Mbit/s, over short distances).
Organizations such as the Telecommunication Industry Association (TIA) and Electronic Industries Association (EIA) set specific product standards, and these guidelines have resulted in cables being classified into various categories based on their performance levels. Just in case you’re not too familiar with cabling terminology here are a few straightforward definitions and statistics on these three common grades of network cable:

Cat 5: Out of the three types of cable we’ll be discussing, Category 5 is the most basic. Cat 5 cable is available in two varieties: Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP), the type widely used in the United States, and Screened Twisted Pair (SCTP), which has shielding to provide a measure of extra protection against interference, but is rarely used outside of Europe. Cables belonging to Category 5 are either solid or stranded: Solid Cat 5 is more rigid, and the better choice if data needs to be transmitted over a long distance, while Stranded Cat 5 is very flexible and most likely to be used as patch cable. Cat 5 cable can support 10 or 100 Mbps Ethernet, and has a capability of up to 100MHz., to help you better choose the right one to fit your needs.

Cat 5e: Cat 5e (which stands for Category 5, enhanced) cable goes along the same lines as basic Cat 5, except that it fulfills higher standards of data transmission. While Cat 5 is common in existing cabling systems, Category 5e has almost entirely replaced it in new installations. Cat 5e can handle data transfer at 1000 Mbps, is suitable for Gigabit Ethernet, and experiences much lower levels of near-end crosstalk (NEXT) than Cat 5.
Both CAT-5 and CAT-5e have 100 ohm impedance and electrical characteristics supporting transmissions up to 100 MHz. The differences between CAT-5 and CAT-5e show in all aspects of performance: capacitance, frequency, resistance, attenuation, and NEXT. CAT-5e components were designed with high-speed gigabit Ethernet in mind. While CAT-5 components may function to some degree in a gigabit Ethernet, they perform below standard during high-data transfer scenarios. CAT-5e cables work with ATM and gigabit speed products. Simply, if you are using a 100Mbps switch, get CAT-5e cable instead of CAT-5.

Common Questions:

Is CAT-5e backwards compatible?
Yes it works with any 10BaseT or 100BaseT network cards and hubs.
CAT-5 is also upwardly compatible with CAT-5e, however your network throughput will only be as fast as the slowest part.

Can I run CAT-5e Ethernet cable outside?
CAT-5e cable is not rated for outdoor use; however it can generally be used without a problem. If possible, run the cable through some kind of conduit to prevent moisture or an attractive site for lightning to strike. You should be able to find gray PVC conduit suitable for cable at any hardware store. Remember, 100 Meters is your max distance, without some kind of hub, bridge or amplification.

What is the operating temp for CAT-5e cable?
Operating Temp for CAT-5e cable: -10C to 60C

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The popularity of the Iphone means that you can download themes for it from many different sites-and also you can even download Iphone themes for other kinds of cellphones, and even websites if you are a wordpress user.
download free iphone theme, iphone themes for free
The popularity of the Iphone means that you can download themes for it from many different sites-and also you can even download Iphone themes for other kinds of cellphones, and even websites if you are a wordpress user.

Your Iphone is one of the most advanced media devices the world has yet seen, with the ability to watch movies, listen to music, surf the web and of course make phone calls, it seems like Apple’s research and design department put in some overtime on this one.

Even if you aren’t an Apple or iPod fan, the Iphone is very hard not to like. Why wouldn’t anyone want to have their entire music collection and full internet access on their cellphone? Sadly though, stocks of the Iphone are low due to the sheer popularity of it, so it means many of us will have to wait a while before we can own one. All is not lost though, as you are still able to download Iphone themes for your average Nokia and Motorola phones.

If you are lucky enough to obtain an Iphone, you can download something known as a “hack toolkit?which allows you to get into the firmware etc of the Iphone, and change it’s theme around etc. You’ll find that the themes are available at many different places around the net.

When you are looking for places to download themes from, the biggest problem is finding a site you can trust. While it can be dangerous to your computer and your Iphone, due to the nature of the files downloading a theme is generally much safer than downloading a new game or movie etc, especially if you are using a shady P2P site, as P2P sites are known for their lack of safety for users.

Having said that, it’s very important to be careful and keep your antivirus updated, as shady hackers and users of torrent sites can use fake downloads as a way to make you download trojan software or other things that will open the backdoor of your computer system. This can cause endless problems, it can even ill your computer so it’s really worth making sure your antivirus software can keep you safe.

If you are smart and use your common sense about what you download and where you download it from, downloading Iphone themes can safe and fun.

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Unless you have spent part of the past few years in a cave or under a rock, you have heard of the Blackberry. However, and with that said, even though you may have heard of the Blackberry, you may now know exactly what a Blackberry is in essence. Therefore, this article has been prepared to provide you with some basic information about the Blackberry.

In basic terms, a Blackberry is a line of mobile communication devices that allow you to undertake a number of different ta…
blackberry,blackberries,pda,hand held pda,handheld pda,rim,nextel blackberry
Unless you have spent part of the past few years in a cave or under a rock, you have heard of the Blackberry. However, and with that said, even though you may have heard of the Blackberry, you may now know exactly what a Blackberry is in essence. Therefore, this article has been prepared to provide you with some basic information about the Blackberry.

In basic terms, a Blackberry is a line of mobile communication devices that allow you to undertake a number of different tasks through the use of the Blackberry itself. For example, a Blackberry is designed to allow you to read and respond to email. On top of reviewing, reading and sending email, there are many other functions that can be performed with a Blackberry. Indeed, on so many levels, the Blackberry truly is an all purpose piece of personal communications equipment.

In promoting the Blackberry, its manufacturer has described the Blackberry as a “complete package?that includes airtime, software and a mobile communication element that allows you to undertake a wide variety of tasks — from the palm of your own hand. Presently, the Blackberry widely is available in the United States, Canada and United Kingdom. Present plans are in place for the Blackberry to be introduced in other countries the world over in the very immediate future.

Technically speaking, the Blackberry in the United States and Canada relies on either the narrowband PCS 800 Mhz DataTAC network or the narrowband OCS 900 Mhz Mobitex network for its functionality. In the United Kingdom, the Blackberry operates on the the GPRS network.

Many who have taken to the Blackberry have sung its praises because it is easy to use. It has a very user friendly interface and an easy to manipulate keyboard (unlike many similar products that have tragically difficult keyboards). With few exceptions, a person who tries a Blackberry ends up very fond of the Blackberry. Oftentimes a person who has a Blackberry can be found to remark that he or she cannot imagine getting by without a Blackberry.

If you are interested in owning a Blackberry, you should spend some time shopping around in both the brick and mortar world and on the Internet and World Wide Web. In this day and age, there is a wide array of different retailers that offer Blackberry products for sale both in the real world and in cyberspace. By taking the time to shop around, you may even be able to find a Blackberry at a discounted price.

On the Net, there are retailers that cater specifically to the selling of Blackberry products. In addition, any number of auction and overstock sites may be found to have Blackberry products in their inventories.

In the brick and mortar world, a Blackberry can be found at any number of consumer electronic stores — large and small. By paying attention to sales and specials, you may even have the chance to obtain a Blackberry at a discounted price in the brick and mortar world.

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Owned by EchoStar Communications Corporation, the Dish network was launched in March, 1996. Dish network is the fastest-growing digital satellite television service provider in the United States, with a subscriber base of 12 million. They provide various types programming packages, delivering 250 channels with free equipment and installation parts.

Dish network offers 110 foreign-language channels covering 25 different languages, thus connecting people. The best part of a…
Dish Network
Owned by EchoStar Communications Corporation, the Dish network was launched in March, 1996. Dish network is the fastest-growing digital satellite television service provider in the United States, with a subscriber base of 12 million. They provide various types programming packages, delivering 250 channels with free equipment and installation parts.

Dish network offers 110 foreign-language channels covering 25 different languages, thus connecting people. The best part of a Dish network is its interactive channel. There are over 22 virtual interactive channels that allow viewers at home to shop, play games, and much more. Dish network service allows viewers to restrict inappropriate channels by removing it from the list.

Dish network has a 24 hour customer service, as they care a lot about their customer relationships. Almost all the dish network dealers offer life time warranty for the basic satellite equipments and require no maintenance. A minimal monthly subscription cost is required for enjoying 24 hours a day entertainment. There are special names assigned to the Dish network packages depending on the number of channels that a subscriber can view. Some of the names of the packages are America’s Top 60, America’s Top 120, America’s Top 180, and more.

Some of the channels that you can view with the help of a Dish network are Animal Planet, BBC America, Bravo, Cinemax, CNN, Comedy Central, CNBC, The Discovery Channel, Disney Channel, ESPN, The Fox Channels, HBO, Hallmark, Sci-Fi Channel, Soapnet, Style, Toon Disney, TV Guide Channel, and much more. You can also view some local channels with the help of a free second dish.

Dish network provides satellite transmitted, high quality audio and video data to various places all over the United States. Almost all the dealers of Dish network provide free DVR and HD receivers. Dish network, catering 24 hours to customer needs, was ranked No. 1 in customer satisfaction by J.D Power and Associates Cable/Satellite TV Customer Satisfaction Study. Dish network was also ranked No. 1 in customer satisfaction by University of Michigan Business School. Dish network offers 100% digital picture, with theatre quality sound and highly acclaimed customer service. It is economical and provides you with the latest equipments like the DVR and HD.

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These instruction will assist you in converting the C: partition from FAT32 to NTFS. If you wish to convert another partition instead, just use that drive letter instead of C: while following these instructions.
FAT32, NTFS
These instruction will assist you in converting the C: partition from FAT32 to NTFS. If you wish to convert another partition instead, just use that drive letter instead of C: while following these instructions.
1. First, back up your data. The conversion process almost always works flawlessly, but there is no point in taking the risk.
2. Click the button.
3. Click .
4. Enter “cmd” into the text field labeled “Open”.
5. Click the button.
6. Enter the command “vol c:” to find the volume label for the C: partition.
7. Enter the command “convert c: /fs:ntfs” to convert the C: partition from FAT32 to NTFS.
8. When prompted, enter the volume label for the partition.

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So I don’t know if I was the only person who didn’t know this, but it is more expensive to call a cell phone internationally than it is to call a landline.
Cell Phone Calling Card
So I don’t know if I was the only person who didn’t know this, but it is more expensive to call a cell phone internationally than it is to call a landline. This applies even if you are calling from a landline and not from a cell phone. I found this out from a friend of mine, and suddenly felt very bad about the fact hat I only had a cell phone number in Venezuela for my friends and family to call. Now of course it is more expensive to call internationally from a cell phone but I expected that, however I did not realize it was more expensive to call to a cell phone.

Well the not having a landline thing I can’t do much about, but the price of calling me I can assist with. There are apparently now calling cards that are made specifically for cell phones. My mom sometimes needs to call me during the day when she is not home. This of course results in a long string of text messages as it is exorbitantly expensive to call internationally from your cell phone. However I have found cell phone calling cards. These are of course more expensive than landline calling cards but still cheaper than calling from a cell phone.

I of course found this information on the internet, like I find all the information I want. This service is just like a calling card in the fact that it is prepaid. However it adds on to your normal cell phone service in that you do not have to actually have the card on hand each time you want to make a call, You simply have to call the access number and it recognizes your cell phone calling card. From there you can call anywhere in the world at up to a 75% savings form your normal fee. Oh the wonders of the things you can find on the internet.

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USB which stands for Universal Serial Bus is a standard for serial communications between computers and other devices. It was first introduced in 1996 and was jointly promoted by Intel, Phillips, US Robotics and Microsoft.
Define USB
USB which stands for Universal Serial Bus is a standard for serial communications between computers and other devices. It was first introduced in 1996 and was jointly promoted by Intel, Phillips, US Robotics and Microsoft. USB was developed so that many different types of devices could be accommodated under a single common interface. Due to this capability, nowadays USB devices are the most popular form of plug and play devices. In short, a plug and play device is an external device which we connect to the computer either for data transfer or to provide additional capabilities to the computer. Normally plug and play devices are used along with additional software which acts as a link between the device and the CPU of the computer. This software is called the driver.

Many other standards exist for such connections like PS2, but USB devices provide a distinct advantage over other standards mainly due to two significant reasons.
First, the USB standard allows devices to be connected to the computer without needing to restart the computer. For many previous standards, the computer needed to be restarted before the device could be used. Secondly, the USB device takes its power supply directly from the CPU thus eliminating the need for an external power supply cord. This was only possible due to the fact that USB devices typically consume very little power.

Nowadays USB devices are used for a number of purposes. The most popular adaptation of the USB devices is in the form of USB drives (also called pen-drives). These are basically devices which offer portable data storage facilities. Often these devices are as small as a keychain. With the advent of technology, USB drives can now store as much as 200GB of data and still appear very small.
Another important use of USB is for webcams which allow us to transmit and store photos and videos directly on our computers. Apart from these uses, USB also allows us to connect audio devices like iPods, microphones and speakers, network between different computers with USB routers and also provides an interface to link our other gadgets like mobile phones and PDAs. With Windows becoming more common it is now simpler to synchronize our gadgets as windows can automatically recognize and install our USB devices. Another new technology which is making waves is USB 2.0, which provides data transfer speeds of up to 480mbps (Megabytes per second).